Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics

Upon reading the framework, it is evident that the major idea of teaching mathematics in California public schools revolves around the development of a balanced instructional program that not only provides students with an enabling environment to become proficient in basic computational and procedural skills, but also to continuously develop conceptual understanding of the mathematical concepts and become proficient in problem solving.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As indicated in the framework, teachers should aim to achieve a balance between these three concepts (proficiency in computational and procedural skills, attainment of conceptual understanding, and proficiency in solving new or perplexing problems) if they expect their students to be competitive in mathematics (California Department of Education, 2006). The concepts are in terrelated; hence teachers must strive to come up with methodologies and strategies to deliver them to mathematics students according to the standards of a particular grade level. As indicated in the framework, â€Å"when students apply basic computational and procedural skills and understandings to solve new or perplexing problems, their basic skills are strengthened, the challenging problems they encounter can become routine, and their conceptual understanding deepens† (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). Consequently, it is suggested that the major idea of teaching mathematics to students in California public schools entails connecting their skills, conceptual understanding, and problem solving capability to develop a network of mutually reinforcing components in the curriculum that are intrinsically aligned with the standards depending on grade level. Examples of Teaching Strategies From the framework, it is clear that no single strategy of instruction is the b est or most appropriate in all contexts, and that teachers have a wide choice of instructional strategies including â€Å"direct instruction, investigation, classroom discussion and drill, small groups, individualized formats, and hands-on materials (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). As one of the approaches to teaching, direct instruction is not only skills-oriented but the teaching practices it adopts are essentially teacher-directed.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In teaching algebra and functions to grade six students, for example, a teacher can use small-group, face-to-face instruction to demonstrate to students how to solve linear equations and develop algebraic reasoning at each step of the process by breaking down the instructions into small units, sequencing them deliberately, and teaching them in an explicit manner. Although teachers can use this st rategy to ensure that Grade six students are able to use their computational skills and conceptual understanding to solve problems in algebra through explicit, guided instructions, the strategy nevertheless limits student’s creativity and active exploration. The other teaching strategy is investigation, whereby teachers play an active role in guiding students to identify a topic of interest, explore the current knowledge on the topic, frame the topic into manageable questions, gather appropriate information, analyze and synthesis the information, take action on the findings, and reflect on the outcomes found. This strategy could be used to teach geometry to grade six students as it does not only facilitate an explicit understanding of geometric concepts, including raising students’ levels of geometric thinking, but also motivates students by presenting mathematical topics in an enjoyable and interesting manner that challenges their intellectual development. Reflection Overall, upon reflection, I have learnt that no single method of instruction is the best or most appropriate in all situations, it is important to balance the concepts of computational and procedural skills, conceptual understanding and problem solving capability when teaching mathematics, in mathematics instruction, new skills are developed almost exclusively on previously learned skills, methods of assessing students for mathematics comprehension should be context-specific. These learning outcomes can be implemented in real-life classroom situations by coming up with a well formulated framework that does not necessarily follow a linear order to ensure students benefit from the mathematics lessons taught in class, and also by proactively aligning instruction with assessment. Reference California Department of Education. (2009). Mathematics framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Retrieved from https://www.cde.ca.gov/Advertising We will wri te a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Sample on Violence in Media Its Explosion and Consequences

Essay Sample on Violence in Media Its Explosion and Consequences A child being hit in the face with a shovel, I Kill Children, and 194 acts of violence. Do you envision these as at the most violent end of the spectrum, things that occur in the worst examples of violent media productions? Think again. These three examples are taken directly from a popular prime time TV sitcom shown on a family channel, the title of a popular song sung by a popular band, and a recent childrens movie with a PG rating. While parents will argue that kids are busier now than they have ever been in the past with school and extracurricular activities, the reality is that our children watch approximately 2 1/2 hours a day of television. By the time they are 18, they will have seen 250,000 acts of violence and 40,000 attempted murders on television alone. Childrens cartoons average 20-25 acts of violence per hour. This eventually results in children becoming desensitized to violence, leading to a feeling that it is a socially acceptable and credible way to respond to a frustration or as a way to retaliate. These same children who are lead to believe that violence is condoned through violence in television learn to: Solve arguments through violence, pretend people dont suffer or die, make boys seem more important than girls. In 1972, our countrys first major study of the effects of TV violence by the U.S. Surgeon General states that televised violence, indeed, does have an adverse effect on certain member s of our society. Park Elliott Dietz, a University of Virginia Professor of Psychiatry, believes that some violent films inspire imitation, but the cases, while persuasive, are small and limited. Hard to believe when we are made aware that one out of every Hollywood film depicts a rape theme. Many experts believe that slasher films with their brutality towards women may play a contributing factor in date rape, one of the most common adolescent sexual crimes. But violence in movies seems to be supported by the public. In 1990s biggest opening weekend box office draw, Total Recall, a violent action movie, grossed $25.5 million. Just five days later, The Little Mermaid, an animated movie, earned just $6.5 million. John Grisham, a popular and accomplished writer of international fame, feels that there are only two ways to rein in Hollywood and their making of violent films. One is for the public to ban together and boycott these violent films and the other is lawsuits, litigation that would hold filmmaker s and their studios responsible for the material they produce. He would make them pay a high price for doing so (hitting them where it counts, in their wallets), and would therefore make them think twice about these violent films in the first place. Until that is successful, Hollywood will continue to satisfy its viewers violent appetites in response to such monetary support. Not to be forgotten, the music scene also plays a role in infusing violence into our society. Thomas J. Jipping of the Free Congress reports that the average teenager listens to four to five hours of music a day. A recent study at the University of Florida found that 90% of young heavy metal fans know all or most of the words to their favorite songs and that 60% agree often or always with those words. When you consider some of these songs have titles such as Bodily Dismemberment, Kill For Pleasure, and She Likes It Rough, it is easy to see how violence can adversely affect our children. The National Education Association links many of the annual teen suicides to depression fueled by fatalistic music and lyrics. So what effect does all this readily-available violence have on our society? Research shows that teens and young adults who watch more than an hour a day of television are four times more likely to engage in aggressive behavior than those who watch less or none at all. Researchers found that 29% of 14-year-olds who watched TV for more than three hours a day went on to commit violent acts in their late teens and 20s. A national survey of juveniles and young adults in long-term juvenile institutions show that nearly 40% are being held for violent crimes with more than 60% of that number ranging in age from 15 to 17 our countrys youth. So, should we, as a nation, bury our heads in the sand to the explosion of violence in all forms media as we have in the past and ultimately be prepared for the consequences or do we admit it is there and admit that there is a link between this violence and the escalating crime in our country? Some would say there is not enough evidence to prove there is a link. With these kinds of numbers to support this link and with the common knowledge that our children are exposed more and more to television and film and music and therefore learning from these types of media, I think we need to heed the statement by Dr. Arnold Goldstein, director for the Center for Research on Aggression at Syracuse University: The evidence is very consistent that catharsis is a myth and that aggression is like other behavior. It is mostly learned.

Thee prevalence of alcohol consumption in adults in various geographic Essay

Thee prevalence of alcohol consumption in adults in various geographic areas of Western Australia - Essay Example Through this study we have surveyed the opinion of people towards the legislation specific to alcohol consumption control. The imposition of taxes on this product is also under discussion for which feedbacks from consumers and distributors have been incorporated (WHO 2004, 234). The consumption of alcohol in Australia is at its extreme. Such consumption has potential to inject harmful effects on the young population of the region. The drinking of alcohol is related to the social and psychological factors, and at instances the increase in consumption of alcohol is requirements relevant to the social adaptation. The consumption of alcohol is also affected by social atmosphere; the place and weather are instrumental (Blum 1981, 50). The ignorance on the part of certain population is also responsible for the increase in the consumption of alcohol. The Australian population mainly comprises of people between the age group of 20-35, and this young group is exposed to several social temptations. The public and social events have greatly pulled and attracted the population towards alcohol. During one of the social survey, it was highlighted that at instances alcohol has been replaced by drugs including methamphetamines. The social bias and differences are among the reason behind alcohol consumption; the personal and professional grudge between two people is also the cause. Under research method, the sampling technique was instrumental to gather conclusive and accurate observations and results. As per the adopted method, the groups of alcohol consumer were divided on gender and age basis. The activities of the consumer were also studies, and the consumption of alcohol was related against such activities. The bar owners were also part of the analysis, and the bar managers were interviewed. The sample size was also critical; therefore more than 10 samples were taken for each study. In second phase,

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture Term Paper - 1

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture - Term Paper Example The transition from agrarian society to trade and commerce which required skilled labor, led to higher productive outcome. The division of labor was focused on technology based specialized skills which could be efficiently exploited within the industries to enhance productivity. Industrial revolution was important breakthrough in manufacturing process as it mechanized the production process through new techniques, machineries and methods into the industrial areas. Through the invention of steam engine, railroad system was created which facilitated transportation of goods and services across wider regions, thus developing stronger network of market for goods across the nations. The industrial revolution brought in radical changes in the socio-political and cultural arenas. Work experience was transformed through technology which not only increased productivity but also offered new opportunities of work to the people, thereby increasing family income. The easy transportation provided people with greater varieties of goods and therefore made markets more competitive. Most importantly, the revolution also helped people to travel greater distances and interact with people coming from different culture, race and color. Indeed, innovations in the field of consumer goods and luxury items significantly impacted the lifestyle of the people who quickly adopted technology within their lives. The American Revolution (1775-1783) is considered as one of the key events in the annals of the history of contemporary times because it brought into existence, the world’s most powerful, developed and wealthy nation. The revolution changed the very dynamics of political geography of the world when defeat of the British forces led to the independence of 13 British colonies of North and forming United States of America. The democratic tenets of American constitution greatly facilitated the changing socio-economic

Military Pay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Pay - Assignment Example In order to carryout this research, some of the resources that must be carried include electronics e.g. a laptop and mobile phone. Laptop will help in recording and storing information collected from the informants. This is a reliable storage facility because information is permanently stored. Writing materials are very essential when carrying out research. This is because the activity involves lots of recording. The researcher notes down information gathered from the informant in a notebook. These are mainly short notes that are later expounded when compiling data. Biro pens should also be enough for the number of people intended to fill the questionnaires.According to Nasu (2009), money is a major resource. In order to carry out any research, the researcher should ensure that he/she has enough funds. Most of the activities need money. For instance, money is needed to cater for transport purposes. In order to collect reliable data, the researcher should collect data in different reg ions and from different military officers then compare. Money is needed to cater for food and accommodation. What and where the researcher will eat, rest and sleep has to be paid for. The researcher should have enough airtime to feed their mobile phone to enable communications to take place, pay assistants who help in carrying out research as well as be in a position to cater for his and their medical needs. I will buy some gifts to motivate the informants. Finally, I will have the questionnaire and survey questions. that will be used to carry out the survey at hand. Personnel In order to carry out this research successfully, I have to hire somebody who will assist me carryout various activities. For instance, he/she will help me in distributing questionnaires to informants and collecting them after they have been filled. The research assistant will help in collection and documentation of data. Secondly, I will need somebody to help me go through areas I may not be familiar with. During data collection, I will visit different areas some which I may never have been before and that is why I may need somebody’s assistance. It may be difficult to access some of the areas I will have to visit because of poor or lack of roads. In this case I will need somebody to take me there through other means like motorbikes or animal transport like camels. Finally, I will need somebody to type and print the report after data collection and analysis has been completed (Orakhelashvili, 2011)

The Interpersonal Relationships On Customer Satisfaction Commerce Essay

The Interpersonal Relationships On Customer Satisfaction Commerce Essay Organisations today operate within a large competitive market so in order to maintain their current customers and gain further customers they must make their organisation attractive. Therefore they should focus on customer loyalty and the importance it plays within the organisation so creating and ensuring customer satisfaction is a very important factor. The general intention of this article is to explore the role played by interpersonal- relayed factors in gaining and developing customer loyalty to the company. Throughout the article we get to know how interpersonal relationships play a part in building customer loyalty and satisfaction towards the firm. We are able to appreciate the difference between customer-and-employee, and employee-and-employee relationships, and the impact they subsequently have on the organisation, both advantageous and otherwise. The customer-and-employee relationship is shown in the article to make a positive input to the firm, as interaction between the front line workers and the customer creates an overall perception of quality provided by the service provider. The article suggests that the social bonding between customer and employee makes the customer more committed and trust worthy of the firm, and consequently more loyal. It emphasises the importance of sales force skills and behaviour in gaining customer trust and developing long term buyer- seller relationships. This will not only develop the customers relationship with the employee but also with the firm thus achieving positive results. The article also highlights reasons why this relationship could have a negative effect on the firm, as the customers would become too loyal to the front line workers. This would have an impact when the employee left the firm as the customer would follow that employee or find another firm, as the relationship the customer had was directly loyal only to the employee. The other relationship which is portrayed within the article is customer-to-customer, which is said to contribute to the development of transactional satisfaction. This also plays a part in the development of long term relations within a firm, by their contact and interaction. Creating a strong bond, customers may interact at a regular basis and remain within their group of friends, this plays a positive effect on the intentional service. But again, same as the customer- to employee relationship, if one of the group of friends leave, they would follow and break their loyalty with that firm. This is a short summary of the main points in the article. It shows that customer satisfaction is a fundamental driver towards loyalty in the service market, and that monitoring the customers satisfaction levels should be a high priority for the service managers. There are tables within the article that help the ideas become clear about the impact of relationships on an organisation. Also the article points out how customer and employee relationships could be improved in order to be even more effective by such methods as personnel selection of front line workers, training to increase relation skills, reward systems based on fostering customer satisfaction and loyalty, and attention being paid to the design of facilities and layouts to develop the interaction between front line workers and customers. But on the other hand nothing can control the risk of a strong social link developing, thus the risk of losing the customers. Therefore it is also important to concentrate on employee sat isfaction in order to reduce turnover levels. Why I chose the article? I chose this article as I was intrigued as to how different relationships affect the customers perception of the company. As this article puts theory into practise we can see the effect it has on the firm. It is set on results collected within a gymnasium. It is interesting to get to know how the firm builds on social bonding with the customers, where the front line workers build friendships and get to know each other on a social basis. In return they gain each others trust and commitment hence the customer is not only loyal to the firm but also to the employee. This shows that customer service must be of a high standard within this particular firm, and I can imagine plays an important role in other organisations too. It contributes to the understanding of the customers and thereby maintains their loyalty. The essence of a salesmanship is the development of a social exchange relationship with buyers, such that economics and social benefits of mutual value can be traded (Tarn and Wong, 2001) The relationship creates a positive impact on the firm, both economically and sociably, and in return this makes customers loyal. Not only does the article show positive outcomes of the relationship, it also shows that problems can occur, thus making it realistic to read. Relationships can have a great impact on the social benefits of the firm, but can also backfire through employee loyalty rather than firm loyalty. Therefore, as shown in the article, if an employee would leave the firm the customer would follow them, as they have created a strong bond. This is interesting to know as it shows how relationships can have a beneficial impact on an organisation, but on the other hand can also be detrimental. This shows the dynamic effect a relationship plays on the firm, therefore firms must handle these situations very carefully and try to overcome the problem by making not only the customers satisfied with the firm but also the employees as well. The article shows that the firm has sat isfied customers as they have fixed membership fees, which they pay for frequent use of the service. But on the other hand it states in the article they found that, †¦the link between social benefits (which require the existence of a friendship relationship between a front- line employee) and the share of purchase in the point of sale is fully mediated by the overall customer satisfaction with the store (Reynolds and Beatty, 1999) This shows the importance of the customer satisfaction levels which generate their loyalty towards the firm. Important to always improve the firm by keeping up with the environmental changes within the industry which plays a competitive role against firms, where each tries to keep their existing customers and gain new ones by making sure they offer the best satisfaction levels of service and thereby enhance their loyalty. The articles role in marketing. Reading this article has enhanced my understanding of the importance that interpersonal relationships play within an organisation in relation to the satisfaction and loyalty of the customer. It has shown that marketing can be put into a very complex situation by the different environmental factors within the organisation and that customers change their way of living according to current trends in the market. The different relationships which develop within the firm have different effects on the performance of the company, which has been discussed within the article. Other authors such as Bolton and Lemon (1999) have likewise said:- Firms seek ways to manage customer relationship over the long term, understanding the dynamics of the service provider- customer relationship becomes a key priority. They believe that the customer relationship should be an important aspect for the organisation to develop and manage correctly in order to gain the best customer loyalty and create the best satisfaction standards. The organisation should understand how customers use the information and experience in deciding their level of usage, which inspires the organisation to use interpersonal relationships. This is especially important in service industries, Companies have begun to embrace the concept of customer life time value (CLV) and have begun moving towards devoting more dedicated resources such as formal and informal selling teams, to manage these precious customer relationships (Jones, E et all. 2005) This highlights the fact that customer satisfaction is important to maintain as it would also contribute to a positive word of mouth for free advertising for the firm, as the relationship which is established between the firm and its customer is critical its survival and success. The other important factor within relationship is communication between the customers and employees to enhance their understanding, Effective communication is seen in employees collaborating, interacting, and engaging with others in ways which help them understand the importance and meaning of that engagement, (Pace, R et all. 1989) This enhances my understanding again of the pressures which are placed on the organisation by dynamic competition, therefore creating a strong relationship with customers can play a very effective and positive role in the organisation. They affect the customers attitude positively towards the organisation, and the reliability and validity of the organisations performance. This is agreed by another author, Buendapudi and Berry (1997), the importance of interrelationship within a firm, they stated that, Relationship marketing has also expanded beyond its initial conceptualisation as a firms efforts to attract maintain and enhance relationships with its customers. This shows the importance of an organisation maintaining a strong relationship with its customers, and the best way of creating that bond is through the front line workers and the customers. This has been called a social bond within the article. It generates the organisations awareness of what the customers want to gain from the organisation and how it should be developed by more knowledge and understanding of the customers needs. This will give the organisation a strategic advantage within the market place. The customer- orientated firm is committed to relationship marketing and employees work together to solve customer problems. Employees morale is a critical success factor in the customer- orientated company, especially for employees who deliver some aspect of a products service bundle (Beatty et all. 1996) This shows that the organisations true mission is to establish an environment that creates value for the customer, employee and the investors. Therefore the importance of the orientation working within any organisation is the importance that the managers must be committed not only to the employees but also to their customers. This would therefore generate relationships within the organisation, and enhance interaction, which is a key variable to maintain the customers. Again this shows the advantage and importance of establishing a strong relationship with customers. The article also showed me that there are disadvantages in creating these strong bonds with customers and employees, and that they could have a negative economic effect on the organisation. If the employee decides to leave the organisation the customer might follow, as they have developed a customer and employee loyalty, not firm loyalty. This is also shown in research that Beatty, Mayer, Reynolds and Lee, (1996) undertook within sales, as they found that organisations lost their customers as they followed an associate who went to work for a competing organisation. The trust and honest relationship the customer had built with the employees within the firm had led the customer to depend on their Sales Assistant, which is a huge disadvantage for the company if the employee left, Firms engaging in relationship selling as a key strategy need to develop and implement specific policies and programs aimed at retaining their customers when successful relationship- building Sales Assistance choose to leave the firm. The strength of a relationship can be very powerful and create difficulties for an organisation to maintain their customers once an employee leaves. Further research is needed within this field, and also the issue of customers ability to maintain a relationship, either with a firm or employee. Not only does the fact that an employee leaving the company may remove the customers loyalty from the firm, but there are other factors that werent included in the article. The behaviour of another customer will affect another customers experience within an organisation. For example Grove and Fisk (1997) found that, standing in line is a serious challenge for many people, extended waits that often accompany many service encounters can put people in a bad mood, tempers can flare and disruptive behaviour can result. This could have a huge impact on a customers attitude towards the firm. But satisfying all customers is impossible as everyone has a different idea regarding what is appropriate in any situation. Therefore in this particular situation line managers were suggested to entertain customers while queuing to ensure that problems among customers didnt occur. To help recover from difficult situations such as these and to stabilise relationships, †¦ recruitment, subsequent training and appraisal methods should also be focused on the service works customer orientation (Bove et all, 2000). This brings together all the different ideas I have developed and understood about how important relationships can be within an organisation, but yet again, on the other hand, a disadvantage.

Analysis of Lust, by Susan Minot Essay -- Lust Essays

"They turn casually to look at you, distracted, and get a mild distracted surprise, you're gone. Their blank look tells you that the girl they were fucking is not there anymore. You seem to have disappeared.(pg.263)" In Minot's story Lust you are play by play given the sequential events of a fifteen year old girls sex life. As portrayed by her thoughts after sex in this passage the girl is overly casual about the act of sex and years ahead of her time in her awareness of her actions. Minot's unique way of revealing to the reader the wild excursions done by this young promiscuous adolescent proves that she devalues the sacred act of sex. Furthermore, the manner in which the author illustrates to the reader these acts symbolizes the likeness of a list. Whether it's a list of things to do on the weekend or perhaps items of groceries which need to be picked up, her lust for each one of the boys in the story is about as well thought out and meaningful as each item which has carelessl y and spontaneously been thrown on to a sheet of paper as is done in making a list. This symbolistic writing style is used to show how meaningless these relationships were but the deeper meaning of why she acted the way she did is revealed throughout the story. Minot cleverly displayed these catalysts in between the listings of her relationships. One of the main factors of this was the neglect of her parents. It was not stated directly but the fact that her parents did not know what was g...