Definition and Examples of Heat Energy

Definition and Examples of Heat Energy The vast majority utilize the word warmth to depict something that feels warm, anyway in science, thermodynamic conditions, specifically, heat is characterized as the progression of vitality between two frameworks by methods for dynamic vitality. This can appear as moving vitality from a warm item to a cooler article. All the more basically, heat vitality, additionally called warm vitality or just warmth, is moved starting with one area then onto the next by particles bobbing into one another. All issue contains heat vitality, and the more warmth vitality that is available, the more smoking a thing or region will be. Warmth versus Temperature The qualification between heat andâ temperatureâ isâ subtleâ but significant. Warmth alludes to the exchange of vitality between frameworks (or bodies), while temperature is controlled by the vitality contained inside a solitary framework (or body). As such, heat is vitality, while temperature is a proportion of vitality. Including warmth will build a bodys temperature while expelling warmth will bring down the temperature, in this way changes in temperature are the consequence of the nearness of warmth, or alternately, the absence of warmth. You can quantify the temperature of a room by putting a thermometer in the room and estimating the surrounding air temperature. You can add warmth to a room by turning on a spaceâ heater. As the warmth is added to the room, the temperature rises. Particles have more vitality at higher temperatures, and as this vitality is moved starting with one framework then onto the next, the quick moving particles will crash into more slow moving particles. As they impact, the quicker molecule will move a portion of its vitality to the more slow molecule, and the procedure will proceed until all the particles are working at a similar rate. This is called thermalâ equilibrium. Units of Heat The SI unit for heat is a type of vitality called the joule (J). Warmth is as often as possible additionally estimated in the calorie (cal), which is characterized as the measure of warmth required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees Celsius to 15.5 degrees Celsius. Warmth is additionally in some cases estimated in British warm units or Btu. Sign Conventions for Heat Energy Transfer In physical conditions, the measure of warmth moved is generally indicated by the image Q. Warmth move might be demonstrated by either a positive or negative number. Warmth that is discharged into the environmental factors is composed as a negative amount (Q 0). At the point when warmth is ingested from the environmental factors, it is composed as a positive worth (Q 0). Methods of Transferring Heat There are three essential approaches to move heat: convection, conduction, and radiation. Numerous homes are warmed through the convection procedure, whichâ transfers heat vitality through gases or fluids. In the home, as the air is warmed, the particles gain heat vitality permitting them to move quicker, warming the cooler particles. Since hotâ air isâ less thick than cold air, it will rise. As the cooler air falls, it very well may be brought into our warming frameworks which will again permit the quicker particles to warm up the air. This is viewed as a roundabout progression of air and is called aâ convection current. These currentsâ circleâ and heatâ our homes. The conduction procedure is the exchange of warmth vitality starting with one strong then onto the next, essentially, two things that are contacting. We can see a case of this can be seen when we cook on the oven. At the point when we place the chill skillet off on the hot burner, heat vitality is moved from the burner to the container, which thusly warms up. Radiation is a procedure wherein heat travels through spots where there are no particles, and is really a type of electromagnetic vitality. Any thing whose warmth can be felt without direct association is emanating vitality. You can see this in the warmth of the sun, the sentiment of warmth falling off a campfire that is a few feet away, and even in the way that rooms loaded with individuals will normally being hotter than void rooms in light of the fact that every people body is emanating heat.

Horny Toad Lizard Facts (Phrynosoma)

Horny Toad Lizard Facts (Phrynosoma) The horny frog is really a reptile (a reptile) and not an amphibian (a land and water proficient). The sort name Phrynosoma implies amphibian bodied and alludes to the creatures leveled, round body. There are 22 types of horned reptile and a few subspecies. Quick Facts: Horny Toad Lizard Logical Name: PhrynosomaCommon Names: Horny amphibian, horned reptile, short-horned reptile, horntoadBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 2.5-8.0 inchesLifespan: 5-8 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Deserts and semi-parched pieces of North AmericaPopulation: Decreasing to stableConservation Status: Least Concern to Near Threatened Depiction The horny amphibian has a squat, straightened body and a dull nose like a frog, yet its life cycle and physiology are that of a reptile. Every specie is recognized by the number, size, and course of action of the crown of horns on its head. The reptile has spines on its back and tail that are changed reptile scales, while the horns on its head are genuine hard horns. Horny frogs come in shades of red, earthy colored, yellow, and dim and can change their shading partially to disguise themselves against their environmental factors. Most horny frogs are under 5 inches in length, however a few species arrive at 8 crawls long. Environment and Distribution Horny frogs live in parched to semi-bone-dry locales of North America, from southwestern Canada through Mexico. In the United States, they happen from Arkansas west to California. They live in deserts, mountains, woods, and meadows. Diet The reptiles are insectivores that prey basically on ants. They additionally eat other moderate moving ground-abiding creepy crawlies (sow bugs, caterpillars, insects, grasshoppers) and 8-legged creature (ticks and arachnids). The frog either gradually rummages or, in all likelihood sits tight for prey and afterward gets it with its clingy, long tongue. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/t5CPHjmC-0OJrcxy2HJ6C2059Sc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-174615165-375df8dd851d403bb4be8389564c20aa.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yhq8QyIjcVn-jLJJqYMvcjcLlg0=/754x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-174615165-375df8dd851d403bb4be8389564c20aa.jpg 754w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/4EHx2KM3Kv9RexRRSnTPSfFZ7rk=/1208x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-174615165-375df8dd851d403bb4be8389564c20aa.jpg 1208w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0FM50uYiFUCdRkg8mDCfohRzaCg=/2116x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-174615165-375df8dd851d403bb4be8389564c20aa.jpg 2116w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/JddGcqwX3YY8sjjdboZJiNHMtdw=/2116x1416/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-174615165-375df8dd851d403bb4be8389564c20aa.jpg src=//:0 alt=Horny frog with expanded tongue class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> Horny frogs utilize their clingy tongues to get prey.  ebettini/Getty Images Conduct Horny frogs feed promptly in the day. At the point when ground temperature turns out to be excessively hot, they look for shade or dive themselves into the ground to rest (aestivation). In the winter and when temperatures drop at night, the reptiles brumate by diving into the ground and entering a time of torpor. They may cover themselves totally or leave just their noses and eyes uncovered. Horny frogs have fascinating and unmistakable strategies for self-preservation. Notwithstanding disguise, they utilize their spines to make their shadows hazy and to deflect predators. At the point when undermined, they puff up their bodies so their enormous size and spines make them harder to swallow. At any rate eight species can spurt a coordinated stream of blood from the edges of their eyes up to 5 feet. The blood contains mixes, probably from the ants in the reptiles diet, that are disagreeable to canines and cats. Proliferation and Offspring Mating happens in pre-summer. A few animal groups cover eggs in the sand, which brood for a little while before bring forth. In different species, eggs are held in the females body and the youthful incubate in no time previously, during, or after egg-laying. The quantity of eggs fluctuates by species. Somewhere in the range of 10 and 30 eggs might be laid, with a normal grasp size of 15. The eggs are about a half inch in measurement, white, and adaptable. Hatchlings are 7/8 to 1-1/8 inches in length. They have horns like their folks, yet their spines grow later. The hatchlings get no parental consideration. Horny frogs arrive at sexual development when they are two years of age and live somewhere in the range of 5 and 8 years. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aiQz-8QEUgJJKmLCUn5D9-SaVjQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-97771987-b04f1fb6426a47f4bfd92f050e000ad1.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ru5xAY-zKpdYHzrYsKH2vwyA5DU=/756x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-97771987-b04f1fb6426a47f4bfd92f050e000ad1.jpg 756w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/kluzzOqpdPgzbgcGBd1tX58R3Lg=/1212x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-97771987-b04f1fb6426a47f4bfd92f050e000ad1.jpg 1212w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/B17vldfw45lVG8dIJ15qB4RHeMk=/2124x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-97771987-b04f1fb6426a47f4bfd92f050e000ad1.jpg 2124w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ig8cTWHm6mIGyEzWGr8MfKizkB8=/2124x1411/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-97771987-b04f1fb6426a47f4bfd92f050e000ad1.jpg src=//:0 alt=Juvenile horned reptile class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-23 information following container=true /> Adolescent horny frogs look like their folks, however are littler in size.  Design Pics/Getty Images Preservation Status Most horny frog species are delegated least worry by the IUCN. Phrynosoma mcallii has a protection status of close to compromised. There is inadequate information to assess Phrynosoma ditmarsi or the Sonoran horned reptile, Phrynosoma goodei. A few animal types populaces are steady, yet many are diminishing. Dangers People represent the best danger to horny amphibian endurance. The reptiles are gathered for the pet exchange. In zones close to human residence, bother control compromises the reptiles food gracefully. Horny frogs are additionally influenced by fire subterranean insect intrusions, as they are particular about the subterranean insect species they eat. Different dangers incorporate natural surroundings misfortune and debasement, ailment, and contamination. Sources Degenhardt, W.G., Painter, C.W.; Price, A.H. Creatures of land and water and Reptiles of New Mexico. College of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1996.Hammerson, G.A. Phrynosoma hernandesi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64076A12741970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64076A12741970.enHammerson, G.A., Frost, D.R.; Gadsden, H. Phrynosoma mcallii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64077A12733969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64077A12733969.enMiddendorf III, G.A.; Sherbrooke, W.C.; Braun, E.J. Correlation of Blood Squirted from the Circumorbital Sinus and Systemic Blood in a Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum. The Southwestern Naturalist. 46 (3): 384â€387, 2001. doi:10.2307/3672440Stebbins, R.C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians (third ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 2003.

Rip Van Winkle and Romanticism :: Rip Van Winkle Essays

Tear Van Winkle and Romanticism  In the realm of writing, there are numerous kinds of composing that a writer can take to communicate his thoughts. Their subjects can be clarified through life encounters, memoirs, verse, or different types of writing. One of the structures that creators use is Romanticism. There are numerous characteristics that characterize the various perspectives of Romanticism.â Rip Van Winkle, &#8220;Thanatopsis,&#8221; and &#8220;The Cross of Snow&#8221; are for the most part instances of composing from the time of Romanticism.â   â â â â â â Rip Van Winkle is a story composed by Washington Irving.â This was a story chiefly about a sluggish man who would not like to do any sort of work, at home or at work. He was supposed to be pointless on his homestead, his territory and property tumbling to pieces.â Irving says, &#8220;The incredible blunder in Rip&#8217;s structure was an insuperable antipathy for a wide range of beneficial labor&#8221;(p. 156 first section), which was only one of Irving&#8217;s numerous employments of swelled language.â Madame Van Winkle would consistently pester on Rip continually, to accomplish work around the house and perhaps even assistance to bring up their children.â  Maybe the bothering of his significant other and his fear of work is the thing that Rip got away from when he spent a decent measure of his time at the village&#8217;s little hotel in town.â &#8220;Here they used to sit in the shade, through a long lethargic summer&#8217;s day, talking drowsily over town tattle, or recounting to perpetual tired anecdotes about nothing.&#8221; (p.157) Even in the security of his friends, his better half would follow Rip down, and admonish all the men for being among one another, rather than being at home with their families.â These unexpected visits are what prompted Rip&#8217;s escape into the Kaatskill Mountains.  In the wake of meandering with his firearm and his nearby buddy Wolf, Rip tracks himself into the upper pieces of the Mountains.â Soon after, Rip goes over a more bizarre who was conveying what resembled a barrel of liquor.â So with the assistance of the Hollands, which is Dutch Gin, and an entire day of climbing, Rip fell into a profound, serious slumber.â But when he woke up, he didn't have the foggiest idea to what extent he had rested or where both of his sidekicks had gone off too.â He ascends from his spot, and with his matured weapon, he makes a beeline for town, attempting to discover a reason for his irate spouse concerning why he had been away for such a long time.

Cola Wars Case Analysis - Free Essay Example

Cola Wars Case Analysis 1. The main way in which my case notes would be different for Cola Wars if I were to have a second try at writing them would be to include a breakdown of how they are able to apply to Porter’s five forces. For example, it is evident after reading this case that the soft drink industry is an extremely profitable one (especially for Coke and Pepsi). The reasons for this were discussed in class, and I will quickly explain each: There are great barriers to entry when trying to dive into the soft drink industry, and because of this companies who have a competitive advantage will make it rather difficult for a new competitor to enter the market. Brand Equity is the first of many barriers, because large companies like Coke and Pepsi have become American icons. With that brings a certain culture that people are not willing to just let go by the wayside in exchange for a new brand (ie. The Pepsi Generation). Secondly, shelf space is a huge concern for this new competition, because big companies create all sorts of new variations and varieties of their products to suck up as much shelf space as they can for maximum exposure of their product. Another problem with trying to enter this market is that bottlers for the concentrate producers have signed exclusive contracts in most cases so that they can only bottle, package, and distribute a specific companies beverages. Lastly, and perhaps the hardest barrier to overcome is that of advertising. Coke and Pepsi are so well known, that even if a new concentrate producer starts up a top of the line factory and is producing great soda it could be all for nothing. The amount of advertising dollars that would have to be spent in order to obtain some of the market share from these goliath companies is so enormous that it is nearly impossible. On top of that, if the marketing schemes do not work for one reason or another those costs spent to promote are sunken costs. Substitutes are another concern, but at the end of the day carbonated soft drinks are consumer more than any other drink by Americans. Substitutes for these soft drinks are not always convenient, and producers and bottlers have made it so their products are in fact an impulse buy a majority of the time. As previously mentioned, Coke and Pepsi are not just about buying a beverage, but more so about buying a mentality and way to live. Both suppliers and buyers also hold power within this industry. Suppliers have very low ingredient and start up costs, but they do in fact have something that is unmatchable that makes them very wealthy: their secret recipe for their syrup. Buyers on the other hand (bottlers) deal with high switching costs, franchise agreements that have been previously negotiated, among other things. However concentrate producers do in fact offer significant benefits for them. Lastly rivalry is Porter’s final force, and it is important when it comes to Coke and Pepsi for many reasons. Because they are able to understand and know how each other works, they are less likely to want to start a price war in order to destroy one another. However, since Pepsi did enter the market later than Coke, they have been fighting to catch up and gain an advantage in market share for a long time. This is the reason as to why they have been so aggressive throughout their history, with move like doubling the amount of product received and keeping the price stable, as well as things like the Pepsi challenge, and the Pepsi refresh product. 2. I feel that what I have learned from this case analysis that I can in fact apply some of the key points (especially Porter’s forces) to my actual life. In the near future I would like myself entering the beer and wine industry with an emphasis in sales and distribution. The knowledge that I have gained through reading this case will greatly benefit me due to the fact that I have a decent understanding as to how bottling and distribution works alongside Concentrate producers (in my case actual brewers). Eventually I would like to become a brewer in my own micro brewery up in the northwest, and because I have been able to be exposed to some of the barriers to entry in a similar field, I feel that I will be able to plan accordingly and hopefully overcome some of these. I know that it is a fierce industry, but at the same time like the soft drink world it can be very profitable as well. Hopefully I will be able to fully apply Porter’s five forces successfully in the long run to produce a strong business model which will in the end transmit into a successful venture. 3. Something that I have learned from the class discussion as well s reading the case is that, Porter presents a framework that not only analyzes potential markets, but is able to give a strong representation as to if they will be attractive business ventures. Being able to correlate his framework alongside other popular business frameworks such as the SWOT analysis seem to be a good way to interpret an industry that one may be looking to enter into. They are able to breakdown piece by piece why some companies are so successful, and why some competitors fall out of contention in a rigorous market. There is much to learn from Porter and the Cola Wars case, but it is evident that competitive rivalry is what drives an industry. As well as being able to create a competitive advantage one way or another is the way to success in business. 4. I have been able to learn a lot from this reflective case analysis, due to the fact that it has helped me to breakdown the competition between two large firms and analyze their competitive business strategies. It has given me the ability to think critically as to why Coke and Pepsi have been so successful, as well as how they are both able to stay in business in the long run without having destroyed one another. This reflective case analysis has also opened my eyes to Porter’s framework which has in turn made me understand how real life organizations not only control market share, but also use their innovative tactics to best present themselves to the consumer. This case analysis has also presented me with the opportunity to identify with upper level management decisions, and discuss them with my peers in class. I feel like I have been able to dive right into the board room and actually take a firsthand look as to how they are able to analyze critically and make decisions.

Controversial Topics of Racism, Sexism, and Transvestitism...

True History of the Kelly Gang Like many novels set in the time period of the 1800’s, True History of the Kelly Gang brings attention to many controversial topics. Racism, sexism, and transvestitism are all topics that appear on occasion throughout the novel. Slurs are used numerous times, and a man who wears a dress is committing a terrible offense. Also mentioned are some interesting points on gang activity and violence. Unsurprisingly, some of these topics and actions have made their way into America and still appear in present day. After reading True History of the Kelly Gang—or even just after hearing the title— hero is not likely to be the first word that comes to mind. Ned Kelly is not an average comic book hero, and one would certainly not find stories about him among those of Batman or Superman. However, in his own light, he portrays some uniquely heroic qualities. Bravery, loyalty, and gallantry are all characteristics that could be used to describe Ned . â€Å"At that time he would see his child again. At that time he would release his mother. At that time these people would occupy their own land without fear or favour, but now the world was a filthy mire and mess.† (After Parcel 13, Page 348). His wants are simple: his wife, daughter, mother, and a quiet life free from the ‘traps’ (Australian slang for police) constantly knocking at his door. Unfortunately, not all good people end up in good situations. Being a poor boy in a poverty-stricken area makes Ned’s life

How to Feed a Growing Population Essay - 2780 Words

How to Provide Food for A Growing Population According to the United Nations Secretary-General, 17,000 kids are dying everyday due to hunger. However, the world today has more people who are overweight than people who are undernourished (Popkin, 2007). This shows the imbalance in our distribution of food and resources, as well as a system that promotes injustice in scarcity. Scarcity is an economic problem that arises because people have unlimited wants that never seems to end, but we have limited resources to begin with. Furthermore, the World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing â€Å"when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life† (WHO, 2011). The†¦show more content†¦Increasing food production through scientific methods will directly support the efforts of providing more food to more people. In brief, there is hope for feeding 9 billion people in the year of 2050 by increasing production potential through science and techn ology development. On the other hand, it is argued that production does not necessarily promise improvements in food security due to unfair policies that leave poor farmers at a disadvantage. The evidence that is presented shows that a large amount of money has been invested into improving technology, but it has done more to benefit people in the agricultural sector who were already relatively well off than to promote the growth of food output in the Third World (McMath, 1975). In other words, critics of further investment in research raised concerns about the actual impact of improved productivity on the livelihood of poor farmers and global food supply. These are legitimate criticisms, but they are not necessarily true. Research has shown that virtually all consumers in the world have benefited from productivity gains and lower food prices; being able to produce more food for their own consumption has also benefited many farm families (Evenson amp; Golli, 2003). Thus, productivity does make people b etter off and increases food availability at a global scale.Show MoreRelatedHow Do We Feed The Growing Human Population Without Depleting The Environment1491 Words   |  6 PagesAgriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. That’s two billion extra mouths to feed. If we want to avoid mass malnutrition, farmers will have to increase food production by 70% by 2050 (Isaacson 2015). Unfortunately, agriculture is already putting a strain on our limited natural resources. 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!9th Century Europe and Rizal free essay sample

Rizal and The 19th Century Europe The 19th Century Europe gave rise to different spectacular developments around the world. It was at this period in history when nationalism grew to every abused heart especially the Frenches which gave rise to French revolution. It was at this juncture that Spain had political instability which paved way to the freedom of some of its colonies. The Enlightentment Period has truly enlightened the thoughts of people for this century gave birth to the new direction of thought.Traditional mentality was said to be its first reaction, followed by the advancement of science. Another spectacular development in this era was the dispersion of brilliant thoughts from influential philosophers which made a path for freedom from traditionalism to different countries such as France and USA. True enough, this century is the century of revolution and the Enlightentment Period which served the background of thoughts in the mind of our national hero, Rizal. We will write a custom essay sample on !9th Century Europe and Rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rizal as a dedicated citizen who had great hopes to gain independence to our country observed Europe and its whole events including the revolutions inside and outside the continent and its advancement. As an exceptional thinker, Rizal took the opportunity to learn and to understand the conspiracies around him and his observations made him visualize the desire of the oppressed people which he related it to his aggrieved countrymen.He witnessed the cruelties in the 19th Century Europe and saw the hearts of the people on fire. Through these, he valued freedom of thought, equality of men, he inherited nationalism. This period really made tremendous effects to Rizal and to his works such as his famous novels and the Propaganda movement which latter granted our motherland the freedom and independence after his death. Truly, 19th Century Europe served his mind right and he was able to inherit the spirit of this age.

Nicholas Kein Essays - Walmart, Human Behavior, No Frills, Trade

Nicholas Kein Composition 1 Wedemeyer June 24 th , 2018 A song is a powerful thing, when you really think about it. It can invoke such a broad range of emotion s , and can catch you off guard if you are not careful. When one track stops and another one starts, you are practically placing your emotions in the hands of the playlist. The song I have chosen to write about for this essay is "Prayer of the Refugee, By Rise Against". This song makes me feel anger, and rebellion. In "Prayer of the Refugee", Rise Against uses visual examples along with lyrical depictions of exclusion, and victimization to shed light on widespread societal ignorance and lack of change pertaining to government and corporate social policy practices , such as child labor, fair trade, and others . This song has strong tones of distrust and disgust toward establishments such as the government , while at the same time proclaiming a simpler, and less dependent life to be a better one. L arge corporations tend to have a large amount of influence on how new bills and laws are introduced and passed in government. It seems that in Modern America, the middle, or working class is dwindling. The rich continue to get richer. The working class continue to be downtrodden on, and the people of high income, and low moral standing continue to have the advantage in life over lower income and high moral standing. In this essay, I will argue these opinions , and show you how I believe these points are being made throughout the song, and what lessons you can take away from listening to it . Through the entire song, "Prayer of the Refugee" gives a look at what it is like to be one of the 99 percent. Althoug h the song lyrics do not identify a specific entity that they are being persecuted by, it is clear in the visual representations throughout the song, and research, that they are speaking of big box stores, such as Walmart. The song starts off from the perspective of a father with his son. The father explains that the life that they left used to be simpler and better than where they find themselves currently. "Before we packed our bags and left all this behind us in the dust we had a place that we cold call home and a life no one could touch". To me, this portrays that a family left they're home and moved for opportunity elsewhere, where hope of a better life was all that they had to go on. They're old home may not have been glamorous, but it was theirs and that counts for something. Another portion of the song provokes the correlation of falling into line and complying with authority, and being downtrodden by bureaucracy. "We are the angry and the desperate, the hungry and the cold, We are the ones who kept quiet, And always did what we were told". But these people seem to be fed up with how they are being treated. Life may be harder for them, but that has made them stronger and more cunning. "But we've been sweating while you slept so calm in the safety of your home, We've been pulling out the nails that hold up everything you own". In my opinion, this references people slowly waking up, after being hypnotized by the propaganda that is being spewed at them around every corner. The nails represent the foundation of the society of the one percent. The one percent may be living the good life, but that very lifestyle is what makes them become lazy and complacent if they are not careful. The third stanza in the song describes how people are finally waking up from being oppressed and exploited. " So open yo ur eyes child, lets be on our way, broken windows and ashes are guiding the say. To me, this also states that not repeating history and learning from our mistakes is very important for survival. The broken windows and ashes are the examples of what not to do, and the path not to follow for happiness or success. Following the connections between

Religious Christmas Quotes

Religious Christmas Quotes For many people, Christmas is a religious celebration. Devout Catholics attend midnight mass on Christmas Eve.  Many Christians create nativity scenes at home and shopping malls to bring alive the birth of Jesus Christ. Despite concern that the true meaning of Christmas is being lost in the gift-giving family holiday, many still celebrate Christmas as a religious holiday. Bring joy to your fellow Christians by sharing these religious quotes with them.   Christmas Quotes Martin Luther King, Jr.Ah! Dearest Jesus, Holy Child, Make thee a bed, soft, undefiled; Within my heart, that it may be, A quiet chamber kept for thee. Calvin CoolidgeChristmas is not a time or a season but a state of mind. To cherish peace and good will, to be plenteous in mercy is to have the real spirit of Christmas. If we think  on these things, there will be born in us a Savior and over us will shine a star sending its gleam of hope to the world. AugustineHe was created of a mother whom He created. He was carried by hands that He formed. He cried in the manger in wordless infancy. He, the Word, without whom all human eloquence is mute. J.I. PackerThe Almighty appeared on Earth as a helpless human baby, needing to be fed and changed and taught to talk like any other child. The more you think about it, the more staggering it gets. Nothing in fiction is so fantastic as this truth of the Incarnation. Fulton J. SheenThe simple shepherds heard the voice of an angel and found their lamb; the wise men saw the light of a star and found their wisdom. Charles SpurgeonInfinite and an infant. Eternal and yet born of a woman. Almighty and yet hanging on a womans breast. Supporting a universe and yet needing to be carried in a mothers arms. King of angels and yet the reputed son of Joseph. Heir of all things and yet the carpenters despised son. John MacArthurIf we could condense all the truths of Christmas into only three words, these would be the words: God with us. We tend to focus our attention at Christmas on the infancy of Christ. The greater truth of the holiday is His deity. More astonishing than a baby in the manger is the truth that this promised baby is the omnipotent Creator of the heavens and the earth! Stuart BriscoeThe spirit of Christmas needs to superseded by the Spirit of Christ. The spirit of Christmas is annual; the Spirit of Christ is eternal. The spirit of Christmas is sentimental; the Spirit of Christ is supernatural. The spirit of Christmas is a human product; the Spirit of Christ is a divine person. That makes all the difference in the world. Agnes M. PharoWhat is Christmas? It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present, hope for the future. It is a fervent wish that every cup may overflow with blessings rich and eternal and that every path may lead to peace. Rev Billy GrahamThe very purpose of Christs coming into the world was that he might offer up his life as a sacrifice for the sins of men. He came to die. This is the heart of Christmas.

Global warming Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Article Example Most of the remaining 70% is absorbed by the land and ocean and the atmosphere absorbs the remainder. Radiation takes place when the rocks, the seas, and the air get warm, thus forming energy that travels into the atmosphere and water vapor and gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb most of the energy. Additionally, the absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere is important for life on earth as it provides a comfortable atmosphere as compared to the chilly atmosphere that would be caused by lack of green houses. Scientists argue that over the past 250 years, humans have increased significantly the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is mostly through burning fuels and cutting down forests that absorb carbon. Today, the atmosphere is filled with greenhouse gas molecules and the atmosphere absorbs the energy emitted. Lastly, due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, the earth’s atmosphere is becoming an efficient

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Annotated Bibliography Example The transition from the application of ratio analysis technique to other models of predicting bankruptcy, following the susceptibility of financial ratio analysis to financial difficulties, is advanced by the article, making it possible to trace the history of bankruptcy over a period of time. The article seeks to advance this study to include the evaluation of multi discriminant analysis (MDA) and Regression analyses, as suitable analytical techniques of evaluating the financial situation of a company, consequently displaying the bankruptcy risks involved. The article is relevant for this study, since it helps in tracing the evolution and advancement of corporate bankruptcy, with a focus on how corporate bankruptcy has been assessed over time. The use of bankruptcy as the recourse for individual and company debts is assessed under this study, with a focus on understanding how bankruptcy have been used to prevent individuals and companies from paying the debts. The article analyses the laws applicable in preventing the abuse of bankruptcy concept, evaluating how well they shield companies from facing bankruptcy suits. Notably, the article concentrates on evaluating how wealthy individuals and companies can use the bankruptcy concept as a loophole to help them have their debts discharged, and at the same time remain with their assets intact. Thus, the role of opportunistic debtors in advancing company bankruptcy in the history of corporate bankruptcy is evaluated. The concepts of involuntary bankruptcy and informal bankruptcy are also studied under the article, with the intention of unearthing the loopholes presented by these concepts, which can accelerate the abuse of bankruptcy. This article is relevant for this study, si nce it helps in creating awareness on various loopholes that have been applied to abuse bankruptcy in the history of company

Determinants of Students Academic Performance Essay Example for Free

Determinants of Students Academic Performance Essay It is a positive statement when one says that man of modern society is so advanced in education, both in the science and in technology, but won’t mind nor think about what steps he could make or trace what good he could do for his fellowmen. He does not live in terms of attitudes acceptable in the society where he lives. A man today is more conscious of his own personal upliftment, keeps innocent of knowing his worth which would be undeniably great if he is treading the right way. Everyone has a right in education. This is embodied in Article XIV Section I of the Philippine Constitution 1987: The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education to all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Schools, colleges, and universities have no work without student. Students are most essential assets for any educational institute. The social and economic development of the country is directly linked with student academic performance. The students performance place an important role in producing the best quality graduates who will become great leader and manpower for the country thus responsible for the country’s economic and social development. So the parents or guardians must do their responsibilities and roles to give what they need in education. Intelligence is not the only determinant of the academic performance of the student. Academic performance of a student is always associated with the many components of learning environment. Learning and teaching environment ought to implement six functions: inform, communicate, collaborate, produce, scaffold, and manage. The key to success in learning-teaching environment lies on people who use it. Hence, in the instructional system, the teacher is the main factor who can spell the difference between success and failure of a student. Another important determinant, which shouldn’t be neglected, is the family. Family is the primary social system for students for all cultures across the region. Religiosity as an aspect of the family environment is another independent variable possibly influencing academic performance. Higher-achieving students are likely to have the following characteristics: positive feelings about their school experiences, attribute their success in high school to such things as hard work, self-discipline, organization, ability, and high motivation, these characteristics vary from person to person and country to country. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study determined the related factors to the academic performance of Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy, second year students at Cagayan State University. To attain the aforementioned objective, answer to the following research questions were sought. 1. What is the profile of the BSRT 1st year students in terms of: A. Personal Factors: a. 1. Sex a. 2. Parent’s occupation a. 3. Sibling number a. 4. Physical health a. 5. Student attitude a. 6. Religion or Ethnicity B. School Factors: b. 1. No vision b. 2. Lack of passion b. 3. Lack of personal/work/school/family balance b. 4. Lack of taking advantage of student resources b. 5. Attending the wrong college or university b. 6. Lack of maturity and discipline C. Community Factors: c. 1. School distance from home c. 2. Means of transportation D. Intrinsic Factors: d.1 . Interest d.2 . Ability E. Extrinsic Factors: e.1 Family Factor e.2 Peers F. Aspirations G. Needs A. What are the determinants of the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? B. Is there a relationship between the profile and the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? C. How do the teachers perceive the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY This research study is centered on the factors related to the academic performance and attitudes of the BSRT 1st year students at Cagayan State University, Andrew’s Campus. The profile of Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy 1st year students in the terms of personal, school and community factors were determined. Likewise, the teacher’s perceptions on the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students were considered. Furthermore, the relationship between the BSRT 1st year profile and academic performance were also determined. Lastly, the variable that contributes to the variation of the Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy 1st year students’ academic performance was established. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It is with optimism that the findings of this study would contribute the development of macro educational system particularly at Cagayan State University in terms of the determinants related to the academic performance of BSRT 1st year students. Furthermore, it is hoped that feedback of data gathered would be used as clues for recommending changes for improvement in fulfilling practices, performance that are relevant and responsive to the demand of our educational system. Moreover, result of this study, would guide the teachers in improving their classroom management, instructional methods and strategies to equip their students the needed preparation for their future careers. Likewise, the parents would be made knowledgeable on determinants of academic performance of their child; therefore, they can suit a proper program of activities for their child for a better performance. It is also hoped that this study shall help the school maintain a harmonious relationship with the community in playing its vital role for the progress and development through people empowerment. Summing up, the findings of this study would contribute to the attainment of educational excellence and the national development goal, the conversion of the Philippines into a newly industrialized country. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Ability- CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Student academic performances are affected due to social, psychological, economic, environmental, and personal factors. The learning environment refers to the whole range of components and activities within which learning happens (Bahr, Hawks, Wang 1993). A. PERSONAL FACTORS The socio-economic status of students is directly proportional to their scholastic performance. 1. Parents Occupation According to Ruben as cited by Ramiro, (1996) that the effect of low income reflects lack of education or training, physical or mental disability or poor motivation. Students with parents who were both college educated tended to achieve at the highest levels. Income and family size were modestly related to achievement (Ferguson, 1991). Middle class parents tend to be college graduate although some only graduated from high school, and many only reached elementary. Bremberk (1996) found out that an increase in the percentage of parents with college degree and white collar job have a better effect on school performance. Parents’ educational attainment is related to the school achievement of the youth. 2. Sibling Number Children from large families maybe handicapped because they get relatively source of the family’s intellectual resources than those children from smaller families (Draig 1998). 3. Attitudes of the Student Performance and attitudes characteristics are strong determinants of academic achievement as cited by Marcos, (1998). According to Santrock, (1998) when our attitude is based on personal experience our behavior is more likely reflect our attitudes. When we have thought about our attitude towards something and have ready access it, the attitude behavior connection is strengthen. In the words of John Locke, â€Å"The actions of men are the best interpreter of their thoughts†. Ramiro, (1996) mentioned that habits of students are very much related to education. The relationship would contribute something substantial in the academic performance of student in their respective school and homes greatly affect their standing in school. B. SCHOOL FACTORS Education is a continuous process in which every parent aims to give it as a gift to their children for their future. Abracia, (1984) stated that schools was considered as a second home of learners because it is a plays where to know everything; wherein a teacher serves as their parents. 1. No vision According to Wollitkiewics,(1980) Some students do not have a clearly articulated picture of the future they intend to create for themselves. Thus, they may take programs of study without a clear career goal or objective. In essence, they choose the wrong major. 2. Lack of passion In a study conducted by Salinas, (1989) she emphasized that successful students work out of passion, a love for what they want to do, and recognize the importance of the benefit it will bring others as well as themselves. Without passion, study becomes a chore and not a method for achieving clearly defined goals. 3. Lack of personal/work/school/family balance Whatever is going on in a students personal life, will inevitably affect whats going on in school. Whatever is happening in school will affect whats going on in their personal life. A student needs time to be in class, and appropriate time for study. However, there must be time for family, friends, social activities, and time to just be alone. The key is keeping proper balance (Kalko, Elisabeth, K.V., et al. 2006) 4. Lack of taking advantage of student resources There is really no reason for academic failure. According to San Luis, (2003) every college and university has an academic learning center where students can receive peer and faculty tutoring, without charge. Many students fail to seek help. 5. Attending the wrong college or university Tylan, (1998) found that students accept admission into schools they are not familiar with. Thus, they become depressed with their surroundings. Student must be content with their school, its environment, and resources. This, in turn has a negative effect on their studies. 6. Lack of maturity and discipline Some students are just not disciplined and lack good organizational skills. They often fall under the pressure of their peers. (Corpus, 1999) Rather than using good discretion, they feel compelled to follow others (socially), when they really should be attending to their studies. C. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself. It occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is significant. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they attribute their educational results to factors under their own control, also known as autonomy (http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Motivation#intrinsic_and_extrinsic_motivation). Intrinsic means internal or inside of yourself. When you are intrinsically motivated, you enjoy an activity, course or skill development solely for the satisfaction of learning and having fun, and you are determined to be inwardly in order to be competent (http://www.livestrong.com/article/174305-the-difference-between-intrinsic-motivation-extrinsic-motivation). According to Dr. James Gavin, intrinsic motivation is derived from a self-concept, core beliefs, internal need and development opposed to extrinsic motivators which can undermine these motivations. Motives needs to be additive in effect, which means the more reasons you find to motivate yourself to engage in a behavior, the more likely you will continue with and persist in these behaviors. External motivators are typically not additive. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, means external or outside of yourself, this type of motivation is everywhere and frequently used within the society throughout your lifetime. When you are motivated to behave, learn, or do based on highly regarded outcome, rather than for fun, development or learning provided within an experience, you are being extrinsically motivated (http://www.livestrong.com/article/174305-the-difference-between-intrinsic-motivation-extrinsic-motivation). 1. Family Probably the strongest influence in our lives is the family we grew up. Our birth order, the personality of our parents, the way we were treated by our siblings, the socio economic status of the family and the place we lived. Besides these tacit influences, our parents taught us all the basics of proper behavior (â€Å"Family influence†.3rd ed. New York. Ronald M. Doctor, Ada P. Kahn 2008). Rollins and Thomas found that high parental control were associated with high achievement. Parents have a crucial role to make sure that every child becomes high achiever. Parental influence has been identified as an important factor affecting student achievement. Philips (1998) also found that parental education and social economic status have an impact on student performance. 2. Influence of Peers Peers groups play a powerful role in shaping identity because the desire to be accepted by one’s peers and â€Å"fit in† with one’s peers often becomes paramount concern for most adolescents. Peer groups are likely to impose negative sanctions upon those who violate what are perceived as established norms of behavior and who attempt to construct identities that deviate significantly from prevailing conceptions of racial and gender identity (http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/er/pntroub1.html). Peers refer to people who are of the same age, educational level, or have the same job or profession. According to Christine Adamec, (2008), a peer group can cause anxieties for an individual because it can arouse feelings of self concept, low self esteem, and other negative attitudes and behavior. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the research design, the locale of the study, the respondents and sampling procedure, the instrument and statistical tools used to treat the data collected. RESEARCH DESIGN Since this study will determine the academic performances of BSRT 2nd year students at Cagayan State University, the researchers will use the descriptive correlational method. Descriptive method often involves extensive observation and note-taking. It describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. The correlational method of research will also used to deal with their relationship between and among the input, transformation process and output variables. The researchers used this method since the condition and description of the subjects and variables at the time of the study will determine. LOCALE OF THE STUDY The College of Allied Health and Sciences was located at Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao. This was composed of two courses- Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology and Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy. The researchers will only focus to the 2nd year BSRT students. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The principal instrument used in collecting data needed was questionnaire. It is composed of structured questions regarding personal factors, school factors, community factors, intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors and students’ academic performance, each item will be provided with possible answer for the choices of the respondents. The academic performance of the students will be derived through documentary analysis.

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - Captain Vere was Correct :: Herman Melville Billy Budd Essays

Captain Vere was Correct in Billy Budd Captain Vere makes the correct decision by executing Billy Budd. If CaptainVere lets Billy live the rest of the crew might get the impression that they will not be held accountable for their crimes. If the crew feels that they can get away with what ever they want then there is a chance that they might form a rebellion and have a mutiny. A mutiny would destroy the stability and good name of the ship and the crew. Captain Vere does not want to see this happen. There are three main reasons Captain Vere makes the right decision by executing Billy Budd. These reasons are that if Billy lives then a mutiny might occur, because the law states that a crime as severe as Billy's is punishable by death, and Captain Vere feels sorry for Billy and does not want Billy to suffer with guilt until a martial court could give a decision. If Billy is not executed then corruption might occur on the ship and cause a mutiny. Captain Vere knows that a mutiny might occur and does not want it to happen. Captain Vere could possibly be using Billy's execution for his crime of killing Claggart as an example for the rest of the crew. It shows the crew what will happen to them if they try to start a mutiny. After Billy's death CaptainVere obviously feels regret for executing Billy. Captain Vere's last words are "Billy Budd, Billy Budd" (p. 76) show an example of this. Those last words might symbolize that Captain Vere killed Billy for the wrong reasons. If CaptainVere uses Billy's death for an example to the rest of the crew then it might not necessarily be the wrong reason. CaptainVere has to decide between one life and the lives of the entire crew. No matter what Captain Vere's reasons are he does make the right decision. Another reason CaptainVere might of executed Billy Budd is because CaptainVere follows the law to the letter. The law states that mutiny is punishable to by death. Some readers might not see this accidental murder as mutiny, but killing a superior officer in the British navy is considered mutiny.

Part Five Chapter VI

VI Shirley showered and pulled clothes out of the wardrobe while Howard slept noisily on. The church bell of St Michael and All Saints, ringing for ten o'clock matins, reached her as she buttoned up her cardigan. She always thought how loud it must be for the Jawandas, living right opposite, and hoped that it struck them as a loud proclamation of Pagford's adherence to the old ways and traditions of which they, so conspicuously, were not a part. Automatically, because it was what she so often did, Shirley walked along the hall, turned into Patricia's old bedroom and sat down at the computer. Patricia ought to be here, sleeping on the sofa-bed that Shirley had made up for her. It was a relief not to have to deal with her this morning. Howard, who had still been humming ‘The Green, Green Grass of Home' when they arrived at Ambleside in the early hours, had not realized that Patricia was absent until Shirley had had the key in the front door. ‘Where's Pat?' he had wheezed, leaning against the porch. ‘Oh, she was upset that Melly didn't want to come,' sighed Shirley. ‘They had a row or something †¦ I expect she's gone home to try and patch things up.' ‘Never a dull moment,' said Howard, bouncing lightly off alternate walls of the narrow hallway as he navigated his way carefully towards the bedroom. Shirley brought up her favourite medical website. When she typed in the first letter of the condition she wished to investigate, the site offered its explanation of EpiPens again, so Shirley swiftly revised their use and content, because she might yet have an opportunity to save their potboy's life. Next, she carefully typed in ‘eczema', and learned, somewhat to her disappointment, that the condition was not infectious, and could not, therefore, be used as an excuse to sack Sukhvinder Jawanda. From sheer force of habit, she then typed in the address of the Pagford Parish Council website, and clicked onto the message board. She had grown to recognize at a glance the shape and length of the user name The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother, just as a besotted lover knows at once the back of their beloved's head, or the set of their shoulders, or the tilt of their walk. A single glimpse at the topmost message sufficed: excitement exploded; he had not forsaken her. She had known that Dr Jawanda's outburst could not go unpunished. Affair of the First Citizen of Pagford She read it, but did not, at first, understand: she had been expecting to see Parminder's name. She read it again, and gave the suffocated gasp of a woman being hit by icy water. Howard Mollison, First Citizen of Pagford, and long-standing resident Maureen Lowe have been more than business partners for many years. It is common knowledge that Maureen holds regular tastings of Howard's finest salami. The only person who appears not to be in on the secret is Shirley, Howard's wife. Completely motionless in her chair, Shirley thought: it's not true. It could not be true. Yes, she had once or twice suspected †¦ had hinted, sometimes, to Howard †¦ No, she would not believe it. She could not believe it. But other people would. They would believe the Ghost. Everybody believed him. Her hands were like empty gloves, fumbling and feeble, as she tried, with many a blunder, to remove the message from the site. Every second that it remained there, somebody else might be reading it, believing it, laughing about it, passing it to the local newspaper †¦ Howard and Maureen, Howard and Maureen †¦ The message was gone. Shirley sat and stared at the computer monitor, her thoughts scurrying like mice in a glass bowl, trying to escape, but there was no way out, no firm foothold, no way of climbing back to the happy place she had occupied before she saw that dreadful thing, written in public for the world to see †¦ He had laughed at Maureen. No, she had laughed at Maureen. Howard had laughed at Kenneth. Always together: holidays and workdays and weekend excursions †¦ †¦ only person who appears not to be in on the secret †¦ †¦ she and Howard did not need sex: separate beds for years, they had a silent understanding †¦ †¦ holds regular tastings of Howard's finest salami †¦ (Shirley's mother was alive in the room with her: cackling and jeering, a glass slopping wine †¦ Shirley could not bear dirty laughter. She had never been able to bear ribaldry or ridicule.) She jumped up, tripping over the chair legs, and hurried back to the bedroom. Howard was still asleep, lying on his back, making rumbling, porcine noises. ‘Howard,' she said. ‘Howard.' It took a whole minute to rouse him. He was confused and disorientated, but as she stood over him, she saw him still as a knight protector who could save her. ‘Howard, the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother's put up another message.' Disgruntled at his rude awakening, Howard made a growling groaning noise into the pillow. ‘About you,' said Shirley. They did very little plain speaking, she and Howard. She had always liked that. But today she was driven to it. ‘About you,' she repeated, ‘and Maureen. It says you've been – having an affair.' His big hand slid up over his face and he rubbed his eyes. He rubbed them longer, she was convinced, than he needed. ‘What?' he said, his face shielded. ‘You and Maureen, having an affair.' ‘Where's he get that from?' No denial, no outrage, no scathing laughter. Merely a cautious request for a source. Ever afterwards, Shirley would remember this moment as a death; a life truly ended.

Scientific Management and its Application at Microsoft - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2162 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Introduction The concept of scientific management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, revolutionised many workplaces, increasing efficiency and control for employers while concurrently lowering costs (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011; Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013; Taylor, 2012). Taylors book The Principles of Scientific Management, has been identified as the most influential management book of the twentieth century (Bedeian and Wren, 2001). However, despite the benefits for employers, and popularity of the idea, implementation was often associated with poor outcomes for employees, including lowering job satisfaction, increased attrition, and low levels of motivation (Parker, 2014; Pettinger, 2010). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Scientific Management and its Application at Microsoft" essay for you Create order However, despite the perceived negative effects, scientific management remains popular (The Economist, 2015; Parker, 2014; Vidal, 2013). This paper examines and evaluates the concept, and then applies it to a modern organisation; Microsoft. The Concept of Scientific Management The development of scientific management was based on previous ideas regarding workplace efficiency which emerged during the Industrial Revolution (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). Prior to the Industrial Revolution, labour division was based on skills and knowledge, with craftsmen having a significant level of discretion regarding how a task was performed or job completed (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). The Industrial Revolution changed workplace practices, with the division of labour, where individual employees are given responsibility for a predetermined portion of any task (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). The economist Adam Smith credited this division of labour as creating the UKs wealth, developing the concept of economic man, believing workers primary motivation was money (Smith, 1904). Charles Babbage referred to this as The Great Principle of Economical Reproduction (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011; Smith, 1904). However, while this division of labour created efficiencies, Taylo r believed further efficiencies remained, and while workers still retaining performance discretion they could use it to their advantage (Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013; Taylor, 2012). Taylors approach improved efficiency was based on the standardisation of job design, breaking jobs down into component tasks, with performance requirements based on scientific studies identifying the most efficient workplace practices (Taylor, 2012). This approach increases the level of management control, reducing reliance on worker skills and discretion. By breaking jobs down into their smallest components, employers could hire and train cheaper, unskilled workers, replacing them as necessary (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011; Pettinger, 2010). Child (1972), referred to this process of job design as the 3 Ss, specialisation, standardisation, and simplification. The focus of job design was based on the task assessment, examining the best way any individual task could be performed (Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013; Taylor, 2012). This was seen at the Bethlehem Steel Works, where a study of the workers shovelling pig iron resulted in a job redesign reducing the number of workers required from 500, to 140, without productivity loss (Taylor, 2012). The workers that remained benefited from higher wages based on performance-related pay; wage increases of approximately 60% followed the implementation (Taylor, 2012). However, this did not mean his methods were welcomed by workers, in addition to creating redundancies, there was resistance to the change, also evidenced earlier at Midvale Steelworks (Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013). When Taylor first introduced scientific management approaches at Midvale, initially workers purposefully broke machines to resist work standardisation (Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013). Taylor overcame resistance by fining workers for broken machines, using an application Smiths economic man, which appeared to work, as resistance decreased as workers complied to avoid the fine s (Grachev and Rakitsky, 2013). Effectively, Taylor was treating workers as components of a production process, dehumanising them, considering only their labour input and labour output. The resistance seen at Midvale steelworks was not isolated. A significant factor in the uptake of scientific management was the implementation at Ford, resulting in productivity increasing exponentially (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011; Taylor, 2012). However, worker dissatisfaction also increased and attrition levels reached 400% (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). Again, using the concept of economic man, Taylor overcame this problem by introducing a $5 day, paying workers $5 for each day worked (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011).The $5 day was successful, and workers remained, adopt an instrumental approach (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). It may be hypothesised, that if the implementation at Ford had been less successful, the idea may not have gained such wide scale support. The concept of scientific m anagement has continued in the modern workplace, not only in traditional manufacturing sectors, but many new sectors, e.g. call centres and fast food outlets (The Economist, 2015; Buchanan Huczynski, 2011). If implemented, in line with the above findings and previous experience, it may be expected workers in these jobs would be dissatisfied, due to the dehumanisation processes demonstrated as present in scientific management techniques, such as Midvale and Ford. However, frequently dissatisfaction does not manifest. In research undertaken at the Vauxhall car manufacturing facility in Luton, Goldthorpe et al., (1980) found work conditions, based on scientific methods, were poor, with little opportunity for discretion, and a high level of disempowerment. However, with higher than average pay, the researchers found that workers remained motivated, adopting an instrumental approach, gaining satisfaction from utility provided by wages (Goldthorpe et al., 1980). It may also be argued, that although implemented in a fashion which appears dictatorial and dehumanised, that Taylor may not have intended this approach. When describing the concept of scientific management, Taylor argued that although governed by rules developed through experimental processes, there should not be an old-fashioned dictator (Taylor, 2012). Furthermore, he also believed workers and management should operate in hearty cooperation (Taylor, 2012). When examining modern implementations, additional knowledge and subsequent motivation research, facilitate implementation processes more aligned with Taylors idealistic cooperative concept, rather than rigid implementations. For example, under the human relations school of thought based on research of theorists such as Mayo, Maslow, and Herzberg, it was found social influences and desires impacted on motivation (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011; Herzberg, 1968; Maslow, 2014). Strategies satisfying these needs/desires, include work variety to induce i nterest, empowerment demonstrating trust, and other enrichment strategies (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2011). If social satisfaction strategies can be used to improve working conditions and worker motivation where scientific methods are utilised (The Economist, 2015). With a high level of potential value in terms of creating internal efficiency, as well as providing for consistent practices and standards, it is unsurprising that the practice still continues. However, in organisations that need to both operate on a massive scale, as well as support practices associated with innovation and change, not generally associated with scientific management, the question is whether or not this management concept is still relevant. Scientific Management and Microsoft Microsoft, founded in 1975, is a U.S.-based multinational technology organisation based in Washington. The basic operations include the development, manufacturing, licensing, and support of computer software, electronics, and the provision of computer services (Microsoft, 2015). The company, which is the worlds largest software organisation, offers a range of products and services to both the consumer and businesses, with the most well-known products and services including the Windows operating system and associated software, such as the Microsoft Office Suite, with additional interests technology and Internet-related businesses, including the acquisitions of Skype and Nokia, a presence in the game industry with the development of the Xbox (Microsoft, 2015). An initial consideration of the scope and range of products, and the pace at which they change, indicates the need for adaptability and innovation (Dodgson et al., 2008). Innovation may not inherently be associated with scienti fic management, the process requires those involved to undertake original thought, and non-standardised approaches towards identifying developing new ideas (Dodgson et al., 2008; Kontoghiorghes et al., 2005; Ziesak, 2009). In this context, applying the scientific management processes, as defined by Child (1980), would be a constraint on the potential development of new ideas, which would potentially hinder Microsoft as many of their competitive strategies are based on differentiation through first mover advantage (Nicholson, 2014). Therefore, in some areas it would appear that it is unlikely scientific management is taking place, especially in areas where there is a need for original thought innovation. However, it may be noted that in areas such as research and development, where innovation is important, there is the concept of specialisation, as the development teams conceive and undertake initial development only, with later development and manufacture undertaken elsewhere (Micro soft, 2015). However, while there is a need for the organisation to adapt to change, the organisation is also required to provide a high level of standardised products and services, where workers operate in the same manner, to provide the same output, a process which is highly associated with scientific management. Therefore, in some areas of the organisation scientific management will be applicable. For example, the company operates a number of call centres, and while a number are outsourced, there are also some provided in-house in the United States (Thibodeau, 2010). The processes utilised within call centres are invariably based on scientific management, where the components of dealing with customer issues are broken down into component parts, with various employees focusing on different issues, and providing advice only on specific areas, based primarily on scripts rather than their own knowledge, with comprehensive scripts developed by the company (Thibodeau, 2010). Unsurpr isingly, the approach adopted, with the provision of scripts to guide the customer support process, is based on the companys own customer care framework, a software solution designed for medium to large enterprises, facilitating dynamic scripting based on customer responses (Microsoft, 2015). Therefore, within these type of operations it is clear that scientific management processes may be used, although, based on the reviews of Microsoft as an employer on the job review site Glass Door, it also appears that the organisation adopts the concept with in a modern interpretation, with different elements of empowerment and support motivation, as job satisfaction does not appear to be low (Glass Door, 2015). The conditions in the outsourced sector also display the characteristics associated with scientific management, but with the lower labour costs, higher cost savings, and higher levels of attrition with in outsourced suppliers (Thibodeau, 2010), the implementation of scientific managem ent techniques are more likely to be based on the traditional rigid approach, rather than implementing the empowerment strategies, and embracing the concept of hearty cooperation. Similar arguments may be made for the presence of scientific management in many of the manufacturing processes, although notably these are outsourced to third-party offshore suppliers (Microsoft, 2014). Conclusion There is little doubt that scientific management is thrives in 21st-century, adopted by many organisations. The method of management may not be found across all areas of large organisations, it does appear to be a concept which is applicable Microsoft, particularly in the areas where there needs to be standardisation of products and/or services, such as the call centres. However, internally within the organisation, not at the outsourced suppliers, it is not the original rigid approach towards scientific management is implemented, but a softened with the provision of enrichment strategies. This is a version of scientific management in which employees are not seen as only motivated by economic interest, but also by social interest, effectively embracing the ideas of Mayo, Herzberg, and Maslow, as well as the ideas of Taylor. Therefore, scientific management may be seen as applicable at Microsoft, manifesting in different ways across different divisions. References Bedeian, A.G. and Wren, D.A. 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